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Even though humans live longer lives compared to their historical counterparts, we cannot escape the inevitability of aging. However, testudines – the order to which tortoises and turtles belong – may buck this trend by following a different pattern of aging compared to humans and other species.
In a new study published in the journal Science, researchers used data contributed by Shreveport Aquarium in collaboration with other zoos and aquariums to examine 52 species of turtles and tortoises. The data recorded by Shreveport Aquarium in the Species360 Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS) enabled researchers to discover that, unlike humans and other species, turtles and tortoises defy common evolutionary theories and may reduce the rate of aging in response to improvements in environmental conditions.
Evolutionary theories of aging predict that all living organisms weaken and deteriorate with age (a process known as senescence) – and eventually die. Now, using data captured by Shreveport Aquarium and others, researchers from the Species360 Conservation Science Alliance and the University of Southern Denmark show that certain animal species, such as turtles and tortoises, may exhibit slower or even absent senescence when their living conditions improve.
Out of 52 turtle and tortoise species, 75% show extremely slow senescence, while 80% have slower senescence than modern humans.
"We find that some of these species can reduce their rate of aging in response to the improved living conditions found in zoos and aquariums, compared to the wild," said study co-author, Prof. Dalia Conde, Species360 Director of Science, Head of the Species360 Conservation Science Alliance. “In addition, modern zoological organizations play an important role in conservation, education and research, and this study shows the immense value of zoos and aquariums keeping records for the advancement of science.”
“Here at the Shreveport Aquarium, we are dedicated to ensuring our animals receive the highest quality of care and welfare available, says Karen Whitehead, Marketing Director. "Our biologists make daily observations and record life history data on the animals at our facility. We have 15 native North American aquatic turtles that participated in this study to help researchers better understand how aging occurs in these species. Many of our native North American turtle species are under threat and need our protection. We are very excited the data we have collected on our aquatic turtles has contributed to the management and conservation of these animals.”
Shreveport Aquarium is a member of Species360, a non-profit organization which maintains the Zoological Information Management Systems (ZIMS) – the largest database on wildlife in human care. As part of Shreveport Aquarium’s commitment to conservation and providing high standards of animal welfare, it uses ZIMS to keep detailed records of its animal collections. And as a holder of turtles, the Shreveport Aquarium has actively collected and shared data in ZIMS on this species which has directly contributed to this study.
Turtles keep growing after sexual maturity
Some evolutionary theories predict that senescence appears after sexual maturity as a trade-off between the energy an individual invests in repairing damages in its cells and tissues and the energy it invests in reproduction, so its genes are passed to the next generations.
This trade-off implies, among other things, that, after reaching sexual maturity, individuals stop growing and start experiencing senescence, a gradual deterioration of bodily functions with age.
Theories predict that such trade-offs are unavoidable, and thus senescence is inevitable. In fact, this prediction has been confirmed for several species, particularly mammals and birds.
However, organisms that keep growing after sexual maturity, such as turtles and tortoises, are believed to have the potential to keep investing in repairing cellular damages and are thus thought to be ideal candidates for reducing and even avoiding the harmful effects of aging.
"It is worth noting that the fact that some species of turtle and tortoise show negligible senescence does not mean they are immortal; it only means that their risk of death does not increase with age, but it is still larger than zero. In short, all of them will eventually die due to unavoidable causes of mortality such as illness," said another of the researchers behind the study, Dr. Fernando Colchero, Principal Statistical Analyst, Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, and Associate Professor at the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark. The article is available here: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abl7811
For more information about the study and other projects using ZIMS data, please visit: https://conservation.species360.org/in-the-news/
About Shreveport Aquarium:
Shreveport Aquarium is a small-scale aquarium located in downtown Shreveport with many hands-on exhibits and touch tanks. With over 300 species and 1,000 animals, guests can get up close and personal with sharks, seahorses, turtles, eels and many other amazing sea creatures and reptiles. Guests are able to hand-feed the stingrays, touch the moon jellies, sea stars, anemones and more, and learn all about how these amazing animals adapt and survive in their environment.
Their mission is to create thoughtful, impactful and sometimes unexpected interactions and experiences that inspire the protection of the aquatic world both close to home and far away.
Visit www.shreveportaquarium.com for more information.
About Species360:
Species360 is a global non-profit that facilitates international collaboration in collecting, sharing, and analyzing knowledge on wildlife.
Species360 maintains the Zoological Information Management Systems (ZIMS), which is trusted and used by more than 1,200 aquariums, zoos, wildlife centers, sanctuaries, universities, and governmental organizations in 101 countries around the world.
ZIMS is the world's most comprehensive database of knowledge on more than 22,000 species, increasing vital information about the animal kingdom.
ZIMS is used to establish best practices in aquatics, husbandry, enrichment, medical care, animal welfare, reproduction, population management, and conservation, and to provide Global Medical Resources to wildlife professionals worldwide.
The Species360 Conservation Science Alliance is a global alliance of 240 research partners, led by Species360's Director of Science, Prof. Dalia Conde. It includes a team based at the University of Southern Denmark.
The Conservation Science Alliance harnesses the power of aggregated data in ZIMS and transforms it into scientific information to inform animal welfare and conservation decisions.
For more information: www.species360.org
Species360 Communications contact: Gavrielle Kirk-Cohen gavrielle@species360.org